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uowoajournals.org

Corporate green bond is a novel sustainable finance instrument promising environmental risk neutrality impacts. Being a new area of research, the issue of environmental risk neutrality on green bond pricing remains new to industry practitioners and has been largely ignored in existing research. This research aims to advance this field by examining the impacts of environmental risk and controlling common risk factors in an asset pricing context of green bonds. This research analyses 135 corporate bonds issued by corporations from 12 countries representing both the developed and developing Asia markets, covering data from 2015 to 2019. The analysis performed using panel regression methods considering baseline and robustness analysis confirmed the impact of environmental risk neutrality on corporate green bond pricing (positive significant or positive insignificant or negative insignificant), in addition to bond’s common risk factors. This evidence supports the validity of green bonds as a sustainable finance instrument that could minimise environmental risk, offering dual benefits of financial returns and impact climate neutrality.

journal.fi

Lodging is one of the main factors influencing yield reduction in both organic and conventional systems. In the organic system, lodging is mainly controlled by selecting varieties with increased resistance to lodging, by regulating sowing density, or by cultivation of varieties of appropriate height. The present study aimed to compare ten varieties tested in the years 2020–2022 in organic trials in terms of plant height and resistance to lodging in two growth phases (milk and harvest). Depending on the analyzed trait, a linear or cumulative link linear mixed model was fitted on plot data. The analyses showed that variety Farmer was the most resistant to lodging in the two growth phases, whereas varieties KWS Vermont and Rubaszek were less resistant to lodging in two growth phases than Farmer, but only at the milk phase, the differences were significant. Furthermore, Radek was the tallest among the tested varieties, whereas Farmer was classified as mid-tall. According to Wricke’s ecovalence coefficient, Bente was the most stable, while Farmer ranked third. Therefore, varieties that are the most resistant to lodging and are the most stable in terms of height, should be promoted for cultivation.