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arxiv.org

A system of non-tradable credits that flow between individuals like karma, hence proposed under that name, is a mechanism for repeated resource allocation that comes with attractive efficiency and fairness properties, in theory. In this study, we test karma in an online experiment in which human subjects repeatedly compete for a resource with time-varying and stochastic individual preferences or urgency to acquire the resource. We confirm that karma has significant and sustained welfare benefits even in a population with no prior training. We identify mechanism usage in contexts with sporadic high urgency, more so than with frequent moderate urgency, and implemented as a simple (binary) karma bidding scheme as particularly effective for welfare improvements: relatively larger aggregate efficiency gains are realized that are (almost) Pareto superior. These findings provide guidance for further testing and for future implementation plans of such mechanisms in the real world.

physics.stackexchange.com

Q&A for active researchers, academics and students of physics

home.cern

On 6 June, the OpenWebSearch.eu consortium released a pilot of a new infrastructure that aims to make European web search fairer, more transparent and commercially unbiased. With strong participation by CERN, the European Open Web Index (OWI) is now open for use by academic, commercial and independent teams under a general research licence, with commercial options in development on a case-by-case basis. The OpenWebSearch.eu initiative was launched in 2022, with a consortium made up of 14 leading research institutions from across Europe, including CERN. The project aims to build a public web index that offers an alternative to existing indexes held by companies like Google (USA), Microsoft (USA), Baidu (China) and Yandex (Russia). Web indexes provide the back-end data infrastructure behind search engines, and today the companies that manage them determine what content is searchable and how it is ranked. Currently, Europe does not have a search index of its own, making it vulnerable to digital dependence.  The OWI offers a clear alternative based on European values. The project’s cross-disciplinary nature, ensuring continuous dialogue between technical teams and legal, ethical and social experts, ensures that fairness and privacy are built into the OWI from the start. “Over thirty years since the World Wide Web was created at CERN and released to the public, our commitment to openness continues,” says Noor Afshan Fathima, IT research fellow at CERN. “Search is the next logical step in democratising digital access, especially as we enter the AI era.” The OWI facilitates AI capabilities, allowing web search data to be used for training large language models (LLMs), generating embeddings and powering chatbots. The CERN team has built key parts of the infrastructure that power the OWI’s crawling and indexing capabilities. This means that it tracks which webpages should be scanned. The system handles about 9 million URLs per hour, which equates to roughly 3 terabytes of pu

ab-initio.mit.edu

joannopoulos ab initio physics research group at mit. our members, papers, and research in photonic crystals and ab initio materials properties.

plus.maths.org

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