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inquiriesjournal.com

This paper investigates factors that contribute to the effectiveness of international economic sanctions. A review of existing literature on sanctions reveals that scholars of economic statecraft have largely neglected to consider two variables &ndash...

promarket.org

Do the new iOS 14 privacy features violate antitrust laws? If Facebook sues Apple, there are a number of legal issues that the parties might encounter.

macrothink.org

FAQ - Macrothink Institute

ijms.info

a peer-reviewed, open-access, scientific journal sharing the scientific production of medical students worldwide.

journaljpri.com

journal of pharmaceutical research international (issn: 2456-9119) is dedicated to publish high quality papers in all areas of pharmaceutical science including pharmaceutical drugs, community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, compounding pharmacy, consultant pharmacy, internet pharmacy, veterinary pharmacy, nuclear pharmacy, military pharmacy, pharmacy informatics, pharmaceutics, medicinal chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacotherapy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacology, neuropharmacology, psychopharmacology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoepidemiology, toxicology, theoretical pharmacology, posology, pharmacognosy, behavioral pharmacology, environmental pharmacology, medicine development and safety testing, drug legislation and safety, pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical molecular biology, pharmaceutical biotechnology. the journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. this is a quality controlled, open peer reviewed, open access international journal.

ebm.bmj.com

Inconsistency is a key domain that determines the certainty of evidence. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach specifically defines inconsistency as the variability in results across studies, and not variability in study characteristics, eligibility criteria or design.1 Statistical measures of heterogeneity are often used to assess inconsistency, however, major limitations of such measures have been described. For example, Cochran’s Q test for homogeneity is usually underpowered to detect heterogeneity. The I2 index which is the most commonly used measure, underestimate true statistical heterogeneity when there are fewer than 10 studies in a meta-analysis, which is a common scenario, and is correlated with the sample size of the included studies.2 The I2 index is also often misunderstood as an indicator of the spread of the effect size. Borenstein demonstrates how a meta-analysis with I2 index of 25% can have more spread of the effect size than a meta-analysis with I2 index of 75%.3 Therefore, GRADE guidance on inconsistency recommended less reliance on statistical measures and instead, instructed to make judgements about whether studies in a meta-analysis provide estimates that are clinically importantly different from each other.1 However, there are no existing tools to facilitate this process making it highly subjective. Users are instructed to look at a forest plot and evaluate the similarity of point estimates of the included studies and the overlap of their CIs, and make a judgement based on values that they consider clinically important. Merely counting studies does not work because some studies can be outliers but may have a very small weight within the pooled effect estimate. Having multiple thresholds makes this task even more difficult. Furthermore, in the case of binary outcomes, decision thresholds are based on absolute treatment effects4 5 whereas …

jneonatalsurg.com

journal of neonatal surgery is peer-reviewed, open access, an electronic journal that promotes the dispersion of quality research in the field of neonatal surgery. it is the only journal, fully dedicated to neonatal surgery- a developing specialty. the journal also provides an opportunity for learning “medical writing” to young pediatric and neonatal surgeons. our editorial team works hard to guide new writers in this field. the journal publishes quality research that will improve outcomes of neonatal surgery, especially in resource-constrained settings. our main aim is to reduce morbidity and mortality of neonatal surgery by publishing the latest trends in this discipline, in a special context to the developing countries. we invite pediatric and neonatal surgeons for their quality contributions to the journal of neonatal surgery and help us achieve these goals.