Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (CSSS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal,published Biannually by Refaad. The journal aims to publish refereed research in social issues in its various branches and specializations, activate the movement of scientific research in these issues at the Arab and international levels, in accordance with distinguished international professional standards, with the participation of elites of distinguished international members and reviewers, participate in building a knowledge society through the dissemination of purposeful and qualitative research that helps to develop and advance society, and actively participate with universities and local, regional, and global scientific research centers to enrich the research movement in the social field.