In the world of insurance, based on the business of managing uncertainty and risk, adjustments for risk have been an integral part since the earliest days of accounting for such business. Practices have emerged over time where often such risk adjustments have been implicit, and included in a conservative estimate of the outcome from insurance of the risk. In many parts of the world, specific risk margins have become well established to enable a more realistic interpretation of the economic and financial impact of risk in the insurance business. The specific recognition of the financial implications of insurance risk has helped increase stakeholder confidence in the business. Developments in accounting for insurance, both for general purpose accounting and for regulatory purposes, show specific recognition of, and accounting for, risk. The measurement model within the International Financial Reporting Standard for Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17) was designed to include risk in a key constituent in financial reporting. While a substantial amount of actuarial literature is available for various applications of risk margins, much of that material is not directly applicable to the specific needs of IFRS 17. There is a need to provide such a focused source of technical education material as IFRS 17 goes into effect. Many of the relevant risk adjustment methods for IFRS 17 transcend national borders and are relevant in any country. For this reason, this monograph has not focused on practice in a specific country. However, parameters and assumptions have been illustrated more generally rather than specific to regions and countries, and case studies have been included as practical illustrations of the various methods in use. Readers can use the educational material to help them develop their own parameters and assumptions based on their current and historical experience and their specific economic environment. This monograph is sponsored by the International Actuarial As