Background The self-management and self-efficacy skills of people with chronic heart disease affect their health outcomes by determining their lifestyle or health behaviors. It is important to evaluate disease-specific self-efficacy and self-management levels to increase treatment compliance in individuals with chronic heart disease. The aim of the study was to translate the Heart Health Self-Efficacy and Self-Management (HH-SESM) scale into Turkish and test its validity and reliability. Methods A total of 250 patients with chronic heart disease were included. The self-efficacy and self-management components of the HH-SESM scale were translated into Turkish (HH-SESM/T) in compliance with international recommendations. The HH-SESM, Self-Care Management Processes-Guarding (SCMP-G), and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scales were applied to measure the participants' self-management and self-efficacy levels. Construct, criterion, and content validity; internal consistency; and test–retest reliability were analyzed. Results According to the confirmatory factor analysis, indexes and factor loadings were sufficient. While there was a high positive relationship between the self-management score and the SCMP-G score (ρ = 0.796,p < .001), a moderate positive relationship was observed between the self-efficacy score and the GSE score (ρ = 0.693, p < .001). The content validity index for both components was sufficient. The Cronbach’s alpha values for self-efficacy and self-management were 0.79, and 0.81, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients for self-efficacy and self-management were 0.92, and 0.97, respectively. Test and retest scores were similar for the two components. Conclusions The Turkish version of the HH-SESM scale is valid and reliable for the assessment of self-management and self-efficacy in patients with chronic heart disease. The ability of the HH-SESM scale to evaluate both self-efficacy and self-management constructs simultaneously may provide clinic