For the 101st anniversary of Kythera High school  Kythera High school as a source of spirit and culture for the island Nicholas P. Glytsos, Ph.D. (USA) Research Economist   This article investigates the contribution and the impact of the creation and the operation of Kythera high school in the social mobility and the intellectual and cultural development of the island. This is done through the change in the way of thinking that education brings about, as well as the broader implications of high school functioning in society and the population’s life. Let me note at the outset that whatever influence high school may have and have had in Kytherian society, did not start from nothing since secondary education existed on the island even one hundred years before its establishment. The difference is that education became more extensive, embracing over time broader population strata and shrinking the gender and regional inequalities, in other words, education became more “democratic.” Right from the opening day, the Archimandrite teacher Efstathios B. Stathis gave the signal and showed the way for a wide influence that the high school owed to have in the local society, emphasizing the polymorphic value of education for all generations and conditions of life. In supporting his view, he quoted the Roman Markos Avrylios Kikeron, who said: “Education nourishes the youth, while gives joy to the elderly, is a jewel in happiness while in misfortune provides comfort and refuge, not only to the home country residents, but it also pleases the far emigrating persons.”         The high school was created in 1921, in an environment of broad “educational drought», and constitutes the critical threshold between the darkness of ignorance and the bright light of learning and social advancement. At that time, Kythera was an isolated place without any contact with the outside world and without any other source of knowledge and awareness. Under these conditions, high school was the o