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Chiari malformation refers to a structural defect in the cerebellum, in which a part of it, the cerebellar tonsils, protrudes into the spinal canal. When the cerebellar tonsils are pushed down into the foramen magnum and into the spinal canal, pressure is created on the brainstem. This blocks the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, a clear fluid cushioning the brain and spinal cord. The block in the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid disrupts normal functioning of the brain and spinal cord and causes fluid to accumulate in the spinal cord (syringomyelia) or brain (hydrocephalus). Chiari malformation can occur in adults as well as in children.