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The Energy Act of 2020 defined critical minerals as those that are essential to the economic or national security of the United States; have a supply chain that is vulnerable to disruption; and serve an essential function in the manufacturing of a product, the absence of which would have significant consequences for the economic or national security of the U.S. The act further specified that critical minerals do not include fuel minerals; water, ice, or snow; or common varieties of sand, gravel, stone, pumice, cinders, and clay. Mineral criticality is not static, but changes over time as supply and demand dynamics evolve, import reliance changes, and new technologies are developed. The 2025 list of critical minerals/elements includes:AluminumCobaltHafniumMetallurgical CoalRhodiumThuliumAntimonyCopperHolmiumNeodymiumRubidiumTinArsenicDysprosiumIndiumNickelRutheniumTitaniumBariteErbiumIridiumNiobiumSamariumTungstenBerylliumEuropiumLanthanumPalladiumScandiumUraniumBismuthFluorsparLeadPhosphateSiliconVanadiumBoronGadoliniumLithiumPlatinumSilverYtterbiumCeriumGalliumLutetiumPotashTantalumYttriumCesiumGermaniumMagnesiumPraseodymiumTelluriumZincChromiumGraphiteManganeseRheniumTerbiumZirconiumLearn More: National Minerals Information CenterCritical MineralsUSGS Mineral Resources Program

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Landsat Collection 2 Surface Temperature products are generated from several input data sources and atmospheric profiles. This includes NASA's Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Dataset (GED).   The ASTER GED dataset is created from all clear-sky pixels of ASTER scenes acquired from 2000 through 2008. While this dataset has a global spatial extent, there are areas that are  missing the mean emissivity information due to persistent cloud contamination in the ASTER measurements. When mean emissivity information is missing, the Surface Temperature product will contain areas of missing data.  Learn more: Landsat Collection 2 Surface Temperature data gaps due to missing ASTER GED

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A university consortium dedicated to transforming global geophysical research and education. Operator of NSF's GAGE and SAGE Facilities.

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