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researchgate.net

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mdpi.com

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scopus.com

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arxiv.org

We perform a behavioral experiment of karma, a class of mechanisms for repeated resource allocation with attractive fairness and efficiency properties, in theory. Individuals in these mechanisms bid non-tradable credits that flow from resource consumers to yielders. Human subjects recruited on Amazon MTurk are repeatedly and randomly paired to bid karma according to time-varying individual urgency to acquire resources. Treatments varied in the urgency process (frequent moderate versus sporadic high urgency) and the richness of the bidding scheme (binary versus full range). Benchmarked against random allocation, karma achieves an (almost) Pareto improvement, despite subjects deviating from the theoretically optimal Nash bidding policy: maximum improvement is attained by subjects deviating by up to one karma bid unit on average, and positive improvement with deviations of up to 3-4 units. These findings hold across all treatments, among which no significant differences are found, with the exception of the sporadic high urgency process with binary bidding being (weakly) favorable. They offer behaviorally robust lower bounds for karma's expected performance in human populations and guide its future implementation.

overleaf.com

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tandfonline.com

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uc.pt

Site institucional da Universidade de Coimbra

frontiersin.org

High quality information is critical for the functioning of democracy. Yet, in the era of growing prominence of social media and a high choice news media environment, it is increasingly difficult for citizens to judge the quality of the information they encounter in their daily lives. Moreover, social and digital media have been found to amplify and accelerate the diffusion of misinformation, providing tools for propaganda at an unprecedented scale. Understanding the mechanics of political misinformation and its connections with public opinion formation is therefore a vital challenge for democracy. Evidence of widespread political ignorance among voters is a long-standing finding in public opinion studies. However, misinformation is also a threat to democracy since it can lead citizens to confidently defend factually incorrect beliefs. Thus, political misinformation leads to two intertwined issues. First, misinformation among voters may lead to distorted judgements of candidates and issues. Second, fake news has become a powerful tool of propaganda in the hands of opportunistic actors. These two issues generate concerns amid the difficulty of fact-checking organizations to tackle the large volume of false news and the recent surge in misinformation and conspiracy theories related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This Research Topic centers around two critical challenges for the scholarship on political misinformation. First, on the demand-side, questions remain around w...