10 principais gvn.org concorrentes

virologyj.biomedcentral.com

Background Coinfections of influenza A virus (IAV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been increasingly reported in patients with severe pneumonia, yet their pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Methods We established murine models to investigate the effects of coinfection with HSV-1 (strain KOS) and IAV (A/Aichi/2/1968 (H3N2)) under different orders of infection. Mice were assigned to one of five groups: (1) HSV-1 monoinfection, (2) H3N2 monoinfection, (3) simultaneous coinfection (H3N2 + HSV-1), (4) sequential coinfection with H3N2 administered three days prior to HSV-1 (H3N2-HSV-1), and (5) sequential coinfection with HSV-1 administered three days prior to H3N2 (HSV-1-H3N2). We then compared disease severity, viral replication, lung injury, cytokine profiles along with innate and adaptive immune responses. Results Overall, all coinfection groups developed more severe disease than HSV-1 monoinfection. However, when compared to H3N2 monoinfection, the order of coinfection resulted in distinct differences in disease severity and immune response patterns. Specifically, simultaneous H3N2 + HSV-1 and sequential H3N2-HSV-1 coinfections led to increased mortality, higher H3N2 viral loads, and more pronounced pulmonary inflammation. These groups exhibited elevated cytokine levels and dysregulated immune responses, with the H3N2 + HSV-1 group displaying reduced proportions of natural killer cells (NK), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while the H3N2-HSV-1 group showed a robust expansion of these innate immune cells. Additionally, these two coinfection strategies were associated with increased H3N2-specific IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cells, reflecting an exacerbated adaptive response. In contrast, sequential HSV-1-H3N2 coinfection resulted in milder disease manifestations, characterized by lower mortality, decreased clinical severity, reduced cytokine levels, and diminished pro

outbreak.info

Outbreak.info explores COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 data with variant surveillance reports, data on cases and deaths, and a searchable research library.

micro.med.upenn.edu

department of microbiology

mgi.natsci.msu.edu

Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology at Michigan State University

dandavidprize.org

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dynavax.com

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helmholtz-hiri.de

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ir.novavax.com

Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX), a global company advancing protein-based vaccines with its novel Matrix-M™ adjuvant, will present data on its COVID-19 prototype vaccine and its COVID-Influenza...