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ann-geophys.net

Abstract. Solar wind and its transients drive the dynamics of Earth’s magnetosphere. Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) induce the largest variations in the near-Earth space, but significant geomagnetic activity can also be driven by high-speed streams (HSSs) and stream interaction regions (SIRs). Solar wind – magnetosphere interaction may lead to fluctuations in the inner magnetosphere and, hence, impact the electrons in the outer radiation belt. In this study, we use mutual information from information theory to study the change in the statistical dependence between solar wind parameters and inner magnetospheric indices including ultra low frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc5 range and electrons in the outer radiation belt during solar cycle 23 (1998–2008). Unlike Pearson correlation coefficient, mutual information can be used to investigate non-linear statistical dependencies between different parameters. We calculate linear and non-linear correlation coefficients separately for each year during solar cycle 23 and define the non-linearity with the ratio between the linear and non-linear correlation coefficients. We find that the non-linearity between solar wind speed and electron flux index is higher during solar maximum when most of the geomagnetic activity is driven by ICMEs, while the non-linearity decreases during the declining phase, when a larger portion of the geomagnetic activity is driven by HSSs and SIRs. On the other hand, IMF Bz and solar wind electric field Ey = VswBz have smaller non-linearity with the geomagnetic indices during time periods of stronger geomagnetic activity. To investigate further if the change of the ratio of ICMEs and SIRs/HSSs as the driver of geomagnetic activity is the possible cause of the changes in the non-linearity during the solar cycle, we calculate the correlation coefficients separately during ICMEs, HSSs/SIRs and quiet solar wind. We find that non-linearity for solar wind speed and inner magnetospheric electron

agu.org

AGU is an international, nonprofit scientific association whose mission is to promote discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.

ceg.ul.pt

A maior universidade portuguesa e uma das maiores da Europa. No coração da cidade de Lisboa, oferecemos uma das melhores e mais diversificadas ofertas formativas e prometemos ser uma experiência única e enriquecedora.

nbi.ku.dk

Forskningsgruppen har oparbejdet et ry for pionerarbejde indenfor måling og styring af bevægelser, og har bl.a. forsket i tynde membraner med et særligt fononisk mønster af huller, hvis vibrationer kan måles særligt præcist.

pwri.go.jp

国立研究開発法人土木研究所は、土木技術に関する日本を代表する研究所です。

nc-climate.ncsu.edu

North Carolina has a complex climate due in part to its three distinct regions: the Mountains, the Piedmont, and the Coastal Plain. Climate affects many aspects of our daily lives such as agriculture, environment, transportation, tourism, and public health. The North Carolina State Climate Office was established in 1976, originally at UNC-Chapel Hill, and moved

univie.ac.at

Die Universität Wien ist mit über 90.000 Studierenden eine der größten Hochschulen Europas. Entdecken Sie unser vielfältiges Studienangebot.