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With the growing demand for energy resources, the issue of efficient oil storage is becoming particularly relevant. Traditional above-ground tanks demonstrate limited cost-effectiveness and increased operational risks, especially in regions with extreme climatic conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive study of oil storage in underground rectangular vaulted tanks. A mathematical model of an automatic temperature control system for oil storage facilities has been developed, which takes into account the specifics of geomechanical processes and the physical and chemical properties of the stored product. As a result of comprehensive research, an innovative methodology for controlling the temperature regime in an underground oil storage facility constructed using mining techniques has been developed and validated. The feasibility of underground reservoirs has been experimentally confirmed, with the system maintaining a stable storage temperature of 40°C within 20 minutes. The developed mathematical model of the automatic temperature control system with a PI controller (coefficients 0.25 and 0.025) demonstrated optimal performance, fully meeting regulatory requirements for oil storage temperature control.