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arxiv.org

A system of non-tradable credits that flow between individuals like karma, hence proposed under that name, is a mechanism for repeated resource allocation that comes with attractive efficiency and fairness properties, in theory. In this study, we test karma in an online experiment in which human subjects repeatedly compete for a resource with time-varying and stochastic individual preferences or urgency to acquire the resource. We confirm that karma has significant and sustained welfare benefits even in a population with no prior training. We identify mechanism usage in contexts with sporadic high urgency, more so than with frequent moderate urgency, and implemented as a simple (binary) karma bidding scheme as particularly effective for welfare improvements: relatively larger aggregate efficiency gains are realized that are (almost) Pareto superior. These findings provide guidance for further testing and for future implementation plans of such mechanisms in the real world.

researchgate.net

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scholar.google.com

google scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. search across a wide variety of disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions.

figshare.com

The animated diagram of titled Resonance with Emergence of Transformation recontextualizes Hartmut Rosa's theory by presenting the four elements—affection, emotion, transformation (here, "formation"), and unpredictability—in a dynamic interplay that highlights the formation of identity. In this diagram, "formation" replaces "transformation" to emphasize how our sense of self and individual character traits are continually shaped through daily interactions with the world, people, and material objects. This diagram aims to underscore that genuine resonance, as Rosa describes, involves deep and lasting connections that fundamentally transform the individual. The diagram illustrates how these resonant experiences, regardless of their duration, leave enduring imprints on the self, fostering true and lasting transformation (illustrated here with an emerging light green sphere that expands). This series of repeated resonant interactions builds upon the individual’s identity, showing that each occurrence of resonance contributes to the ongoing formation and reformation of the self, culminating in a profound and genuine transformation that Rosa describes. This visual representation aims to capture Rosa’s notion of genuine resonance, that is not just a fleeting moment but a continuous process with lasting impacts on personal growth and identity.

kaggle.com

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scienceopen.com

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have afflicted tens of millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are needed urgently. Methods In an ongoing multinational, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, pivotal efficacy trial, we randomly assigned persons 16 years of age or older in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses, 21 days apart, of either placebo or the BNT162b2 vaccine candidate (30 μg per dose). BNT162b2 is a lipid nanoparticle–formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine that encodes a prefusion stabilized, membrane-anchored SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein. The primary end points were efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 and safety. Results A total of 43,548 participants underwent randomization, of whom 43,448 received injections: 21,720 with BNT162b2 and 21,728 with placebo. There were 8 cases of Covid-19 with onset at least 7 days after the second dose among participants assigned to receive BNT162b2 and 162 cases among those assigned to placebo; BNT162b2 was 95% effective in preventing Covid-19 (95% credible interval, 90.3 to 97.6). Similar vaccine efficacy (generally 90 to 100%) was observed across subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, baseline body-mass index, and the presence of coexisting conditions. Among 10 cases of severe Covid-19 with onset after the first dose, 9 occurred in placebo recipients and 1 in a BNT162b2 recipient. The safety profile of BNT162b2 was characterized by short-term, mild-to-moderate pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and was similar in the vaccine and placebo groups. Conclusions A two-dose regimen of BNT162b2 conferred 95% protection against Covid-19 in persons 16 years of age or older. Safety over a median of 2 mont

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